近年來，大規(guī)模或全尺寸的自推進仿真引起了人們廣泛的興趣。然而，這些數值模擬往往缺乏物理試驗的驗證。因此，可靠和有效的大規(guī)模或全尺寸模型試驗顯得尤為重要。因此，自然環(huán)境下的大型模型試驗技術得到了足夠的重視和顯著的發(fā)展。
大型艦船模型試驗主要包括三個方面：螺旋槳的結構載荷與響應、波浪作用下的運動和推進性能。
In recent years, large-scale or full-scale self-propelled simulation has attracted extensive interest. However, these numerical simulations often lack the verification of physical experiments. Therefore, reliable and effective large-scale or full-scale model tests are particularly important. Therefore, the large-scale model test technology in the natural environment has received sufficient attention and significant development. The large-scale ship model test mainly includes three aspects: structural load and response of propeller, motion and propulsion performance under wave action.
艦船模型試驗系統(tǒng)的設計是一個復雜的過程，是保證試驗成功的關鍵。大型模型試驗系統(tǒng)可分為控制系統(tǒng)、數據測量與采集系統(tǒng)和GPS/INS組合導航系統(tǒng)三部分。
The design of ship model test system is a complex process, and it is the key to ensure the success of the test. The large-scale model test system can be divided into three parts: control system, data measurement and acquisition system and GPS / INS integrated navigation system.
模型控制系統(tǒng)是艦船模型驅動的核心，主要包括上位機、從機、兩個螺旋槳和舵機伺服電機。主機發(fā)出控制命令，使用Windows7操作系統(tǒng)，控制軟件使用VisualBasic編寫。
The model control system is the core of the ship model drive, mainly including the upper computer, the slave computer, the two propellers and the servo motor of the steering gear. The host sends out control commands, using Windows 7 operating system, and the control software is written in Visual Basic.
用戶控制界面顯示舵角、轉數等各種參數，也可以通過控制界面輸入參數來改變船模的運動。從機接收到上位機發(fā)出的指令，將其轉換為實時信號，直接控制螺旋槳控制電機和方向舵控制電機。下位機讀取伺服電機的狀態(tài)數據，將其轉換為數字信號反饋給上位機。
The user control interface displays various parameters such as rudder angle and rotation number, and can also input parameters through the control interface to change the motion of the ship model. The slave computer receives the instructions from the upper computer, converts them into real-time signals, and directly controls the propeller control motor and the rudder control motor. The lower computer reads the state data of the servo motor, converts it into a digital signal and feeds it back to the upper computer.
在本次試驗中，自主研制了一臺儀器來準確測量螺旋槳產生的推力和扭矩。一個32位通道的商業(yè)數據收集器被用來把測量的電信號轉換成數字信號，然后傳輸到一臺筆記本電腦上。采用動態(tài)信號分析軟件對數據進行實時記錄和分析。
In this test, we independently developed an instrument to accurately measure the thrust and torque generated by the propeller. A 32-bit channel commercial data collector is used to convert the measured electrical signals into digital signals, which are then transmitted to a notebook computer. The dynamic signal analysis software is used to record and analyze the data in real time.
該模型使用了非遙感控制。船上少需要兩名人員進行測試工作：一人負責駕駛，另一人負責數據收集。該數據測量與采集系統(tǒng)由三個加速度傳感器、一臺自行研制的儀器、一個數據采集器和一臺筆記本電腦組成。測量的參數包括船體的垂直加速度、螺旋槳的推力和扭矩。采用加速度傳感器測量船體的深沉運動，對加速度曲線進行二次積分，可以得到船體的升沉運動曲線。
The model uses non remote sensing control. At least two personnel are required on board to carry out the test: one is responsible for driving and the other is responsible for data collection. The data measurement and acquisition system consists of three acceleration sensors, a self-developed instrument, a data collector and a notebook computer. The measured parameters include the vertical acceleration of the hull, the thrust and torque of the propeller. The heave motion curve of the hull can be obtained by measuring the heave motion of the hull with an acceleration sensor and integrating the acceleration curve twice.
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